Coordinated observations of Jupiter in early 2017 by six ground-based telescopes and Hubble allowed astronomers to study the evolution of bright plumes and connect them with cloud movements deep in the planet. They show that these plumes originate 80 kilometers below the surface cloud deck and rise up quickly into the stratosphere, where supercooled ammonia freezes to form ammonia ice clouds. The plumes create disturbances in the belts and even change their color.
