Scientists present a new understanding of the connection between two distinct mechanisms for pumping fluids in living organisms: the ‘flame’ model and the ‘carpet’ model of ciliated ducts. The new findings enable greater clarity when studying and managing major pathologies that are associated with cilia malfunction and fluid buildup, including bronchiectasis, hydrocephalus and ectopic pregnancy. The findings also advance understanding of the functioning of specific organs. For instance, ciliary flames that pump fluid for the purpose of excretion provide a model system for studying human kidney disease.
